… However, 30 years later, roflumilast is the only PDE inhibitor to … depends on the balance
between Ca 2+ ions and cAMP, and … as a dual PDE3/4 inhibitor that is in clinical trials for airway …

… pathophysiological conditions like airway inflammatory diseases… in different pathological
conditions has attracted clinical … of various diseases, for example, PDE4B inhibitor (Roflumilast …

… In addition, PDE5 inhibitors induce airway relaxation and … of PDE4 inhibitors rolipram and
roflumilast attenuated a capillary … obtained from the use of dual PDE inhibitors. For instance, …

… have been investigated in respiratory conditions. However, … administration to the lungs
may reduce systemic effects [56]. … compared with roflumilast, a pan-PDE4 inhibitor (0.3 versus …

… co-factors (Ca 2+ , cGMP, Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ ), specificity for synthetic PDE inhibitors and
occasionally their specificity for substrates (cAMP or cGMP) [38,39]. Each PDE family is encoded …

… disease (COPD), roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, improves lung function due to its
bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory action [… analyzed by double immunofluorescence using a …

… of airway obstruction, chronic inflammation and airway … There are several dual-specific PDE
isoforms that are important … family inhibitor cilostazol and the PDE4 family inhibitor roflumilast…

… strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we summarized the PDE inhibitors
that have entered the … Others are capable for degrading dual second messengers [24]. Most …

… Ca 2+ levels inhibit the AC activity of subtypes AC5 and AC6 … of PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast
and its metabolite roflumilast N-… proliferation in an allergic airway disease mouse model but …

… For example, Roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor, is currently being used to treat chronic … Through
this study, we showed that PDE 1 inhibitor can ameliorated the airway resistance increased …